Формування продуктивності різних за стійкістю  сортів пшениці озимої під впливом грибних хвороб

Т. В. Топчій; Н. В. Сандецька

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.13.4.2017.117751

Authors

Т. В. Топчій Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-0543
Н. В. Сандецька Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-2295

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.13.4.2017.117751

Keywords:

winter wheat, resistance, Septoria disease, powdery mildew, infection, yield, artificial infection background of pathogens

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the effect of fungal diseases on the productivity of winter wheat varieties of various resistance using artificial infection backgrounds.

Methods. Field one – assessment of the resistance of variety samples to fungal diseases on infection backgrounds. Laboratory one – structural analysis of variety samples. Mathematical-statistical one – evaluation of investigation results and analysis of correlations between the obtained data.

Results. Fungal diseases as the most widespread and harmful affect various organs of plants and cause poor harvest, deteriorate commercial and seed quality of grain. The results of field experiments in 2012–2017 on the effects of fungal diseases on the yields of winter wheat in the collection are given. It is defined that the infection of winter wheat with fungus (Septoria tritici Rob.) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DS. F. sp. tritici) adversely affected the length of the ear, the number of grains in it, grain mass per ear and the thousand-kernel weight. However, productivity indices changed differently in investigated variety samples. The high-yielding wheat varieties ‘Smuhlianka’ and ‘Novokyivska’ were the most tolerant to the fungal diseases. In the Septoria-resistant variety ‘Smuhlianka’ at 75% of infestation the decrease in productivity was from 1,4 to 12,2%, whereas the in susceptible variety sample ‘UK 1731’ it was from 6,2 to 16,7%. A similar situation was observed in the variety ‘Novokyivska’ resistant to powdery mildew.

Conclusions. Selected tolerant and highly productive varieties ‘Smuhlianka’ and ‘Novokyivska’ (grade 7–6) can resist to Septoria disease and powdery mildew without productivity loss, they are considered as a promising source of resistance to these diseases and be of interest for further breeding in Ukraine.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Т. В. Топчій, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine

Topchiy, T. V.

Н. В. Сандецька, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine

Sandetska, N. V.

References

Krivchenko, V. I., Sukhanberdina, E. Kh., Vershynina, V. A., & Lebedeva, T. V. (1980). Izuchenie ustoychivosti zlakovykh kultur k muchnistoy rose: metod. ukazaniya [Study of cereal crops resistance to the powdery mildew: guidelines]. Leningrad: N.p. [in Russian]

Morgun, V. V., & Logvinenko, V. F. (1995). Mutatsionnaya selektsiya pshenitsy [Mutational breeding of wheat]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]

Trybel, S. O. (2006). Resistant varieties. Reducing energy intensity and crop losses caused by pests by means of breeding. Nasinnytstvo [Seed Production], 4, 18–20. [in Ukrainian]

Chmyr, S. M. (2007). Strategy of development of grain economy. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky [Bulletin of Agricultural Science], 9, 63–65. [in Ukrainian]

Retman, S. V. (2009). Pliamystosti ozymoi pshenytsi v Lisostepu Ukrainy y kontseptualni osnovy zakhystu [Spots of winter wheat in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and conceptual basis of protection] (Extended Abstract of Dr. Agric. Sci. Diss.). National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. [in Ukrainian] 6. Trybel, S. O., Hetman, M. V., Stryhun, O. O., Kovalyshyna, H. M., & Andriushchenko, A. V. (2010). Metodolohiya otsiniuvannya stiykosti sortiv pshenytsi proty shkidnykiv i zbudnykiv khvorob [Methodology of assessment of wheat varieties resistance to pests and pathogens]. S. O. Trybel (Ed.). Kyiv: Kolobih. [in Ukrainian]

Babayants, L. T., Meshterhazy, A., Wakhter, V., Neklesa, N., Dubinina, L., & Omelchenko, L. (1988). Metody selektsii i otsenki ustoychivosti pshenitsy i yachmenya k boleznyam v stranakh-chlenakh SEV [Methods of breeding and evaluation of wheat and barley resistance to diseases in COMECON countries]. Prague: N.p. [in Russian] 8. Peresypkin, V. F. (1976). Atlas hvorob polovykh kultur [Atlas of field crops diseases]. Kyiv: Urozhai. [in Ukrainian]

Gouache, D., Bensadoun, A., Brun, F., Pagи, C., Makowski, D., & Wallach, D. (2013). Modelling climate change impact on Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) in France: accounting for climate model and disease model uncertainty. Agric. For. Meteorol., 170, 242–252. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.019

Retman, S. V., & Shevchuk, O. V. (2009). Abiotic factors and the development of Septoria leaf blotch. Karantin i zahist roslin [Quarantine and Plant Protection], 12, 2–3. [in Ukrainian]

Retman, S. V. (2010). Pliamystosti ozymoi pshenytsi [Spot disease of winter wheat]. Kyiv: Kolobih. [in Ukrainian]

O’Driscoll, A. O., Kildea, S., Doohan, F., Spink, J., & Mullins, E. (2014). The wheat–Septoria conflict: a new front opening up? Trends Plant Sci., 19(9), 602–610. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.04.011

Morgun, V. V., & Topchiy, T. V. (2016). The search for new sources of winter wheat resistance to the main pathogens of fungal diseases. Fiziologiya Rastenii I Genetika [Plant Physiology and Genetics], 48(5), 393–400. [in Ukrainian]

Tereshchuk, Yu. V. (2013). Powdery mildew pathogen – virulence dynamics on winter barley in Northern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Karantin i zahist roslin [Quarantine and Plant Protection], 7, 3–5. [in Ukrainian]

Volkodav, V. V. (Ed.). (2000). Metodyka derzhavnoho sortovyprobuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur. Zahalna chastyna [Methods of state testing of crops. General part]. Kyiv: N.p. [in Ukrainian]

Dospekhov, B. A. (1985). Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovaniy) [Methods of field experiment (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. (5nd ed., rev.). Moscow: Agropromizdat. [in Russian]